Appendix Table B
Association between blood lead and hypertension, by age group and sex, household population aged 40 to 79, Canada, 2007 to 2011

Table B
Association between blood lead and hypertension, by age group and sex, household population aged 40 to 79, Canada, 2007 to 2011
Table summary
This table displays the results of Association between blood lead and hypertension. The information is grouped by Age group and sex (appearing as row headers), Hypertension, Unadjusted, Adjusted, Beta, 95% confidence interval and p-value (appearing as column headers).
Age group and sex Hypertension
Unadjusted AdjustedNote †
Beta 95% confidence interval p-value Beta 95% confidence interval p-value
from to from to
Aged 40 to 79  
Blood lead linear (µg/dL) -4.00Note * -7.39 -0.62 0.022 -3.87Note * -7.46 -0.29 0.035
Blood lead spline knot 1 4.60Note * 1.09 8.11 0.012 4.00Note * 0.32 7.67 0.034
Blood lead spline knot 2 -0.48Note * -0.91 -0.05 0.031 -0.13 -0.78 0.51 0.671
Blood lead spline knot 3 -0.14 -0.35 0.08 0.197 0.02 -0.25 0.29 0.887
Aged 40 to 54  
Blood lead linear (µg/dL) -5.80Note * -9.07 -2.53 0.001 -4.93Note * -8.47 -1.39 0.008
Blood lead spline knot 1 6.19Note * 2.70 9.69 0.001 5.09Note * 1.03 9.14 0.016
Blood lead spline knot 2 -0.50 -1.47 0.46 0.295 -0.37 -1.65 0.92 0.562
Blood lead spline knot 3 0.03 -0.71 0.77 0.932 0.23 -0.60 1.05 0.578
Aged 55 to 79  
Blood lead linear (µg/dL) -3.51 -16.82 9.80 0.591 -4.70 -15.83 6.43 0.392
Blood lead spline knot 1 3.68 -9.99 17.35 0.583 4.82 -6.73 16.37 0.398
Blood lead spline knot 2 -0.13 -0.91 0.64 0.723 -0.02 -0.89 0.84 0.953
Blood lead spline knot 3 -0.02 -0.30 0.26 0.871 -0.09 -0.42 0.25 0.600
Men  
Blood lead linear (µg/dL) -9.20 -19.01 0.61 0.065 -6.37 -15.02 2.29 0.142
Blood lead spline knot 1 9.38 -0.82 19.58 0.070 6.16 -2.91 15.23 0.174
Blood lead spline knot 2 -0.05 -0.88 0.79 0.911 0.23 -0.92 1.37 0.689
Blood lead spline knot 3 -0.20 -0.55 0.16 0.270 -0.03 -0.48 0.42 0.898
Women  
Blood lead linear (µg/dL) -4.09Note * -8.18 0.01 0.050 -4.18 -8.78 0.42 0.073
Blood lead spline knot 1 4.94Note * 0.59 9.29 0.028 4.60 -0.26 9.45 0.063
Blood lead spline knot 2 -0.79Note * -1.52 -0.05 0.038 -0.47 -1.49 0.55 0.354
Blood lead spline knot 3 -0.01 -0.61 0.58 0.965 0.08 -0.57 0.73 0.799
Note *

significant (p < 0.05)

Return to note * referrer

Note †

adjusted for age, sex, education, smoking, alcohol, physical activity, BMI, non-HDL cholesterol, diabetes, chronic kidney disease and family history of high blood pressure

Return to note † referrer

Notes: Values of covariates except age held at population means in Table 1; age centered at 50. Age-group-stratified models include age as covariate; sex-stratified models exclude sex as covariate. P-values correspond to Satterthwaite-adjusted F-test results. Respondents with missing value for average daily use of alcohol (n=43) were excluded because small cell size introduced instability into models when stratified by age group. Together, the linear and spline knot components of blood lead are statistically significant at p < 0.01 in the unadjusted model for 40- to 79-year-olds.
Source: 2007 to 2009 and 2009 to 2011 Canadian Health Measures Survey, combined.
Date modified: