Text table 1
Treatment categories by main processes applied
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| Main treatment processes applied | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Disinfection 1 | Coagulation and, or flocculation | Clarification, sedimentation | Granular media filtration 2 | Membrane (micro, ultra, nano filtration or reverse osmosis) | Slow sand 3 | Cartridge bag 3 | Other processes | |
| Treatment Category | ||||||||
| Conventional treatment | X | X | X | X | … | … | … | … |
| Direct filtration | X | X | … | X | … | … | … | … |
| Granular media filtration 2 | X | … | … | X | … | … | … | … |
| Cartridge or bag filter | X | … | … | … | … | … | X | … |
| Slow sand filtration 3 | X | … | … | … | … | X | … | … |
| Granular media and slow sand filtration 3 | X | … | … | X | … | X | … | … |
| Granular media filtration 2 and cartridge or bag | X | … | … | X | … | … | X | … |
| Membrane filtration 4 | X | … | … | … | X | … | … | … |
| Membrane filtration 4 and granular media 2 | X | … | … | X | X | … | … | … |
| Membrane filtration 4 with cartridge or bag or slow sand | X | … | … | … | X | (X) 5 | (X) 5 | … |
| Disinfection only | X | … | … | … | … | … | … | … |
| Disinfection and other (unfiltered systems) | X | … | … | … | … | … | … | X |
| No treatment | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … |
| No disinfection with other treatment | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | X |
Chlorination (hypochlorites or chlorine gas),
chlorine dioxide, chloamination, uv-irradation, ozonation.
Granular activated carbon (GAC) may or may
not be part of the filters with multi media.
May include some systems that apply clarification,
sedimentation processes.
May include some systems that apply coagulation,
flocculation, clarification, sedimentation.
Membrane systems with either cartridge or bag
or slow sand.
Note(s):
For all systems, some pre-treatment (for example, screening) and other
treatment processes may also be applied; configuration of plants will vary.
Source(s):
Statistics Canada, 2009, Environment Accounts and Statistics
Division, Survey of Drinking Water Plants (survey number 5149).
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